Privacy and Technology

Privacy and technology constitutional rights protect us from unwarranted government spying.

computer and cell phone next to each other

What you need to know

1986

The federal law protecting your electronic information was passed in 1986, making it older than the World Wide Web.

Fourth Amendment

The government argues that the Fourth Amendment protects information that you keep in your desk, but not information that you keep online, like old emails or pictures.

NSA

In order to carry out mass surveillance, the National Security Agency has weakened the security of the communications systems that we all rely on.

“The progress of science in furnishing the Government with means of espionage is not likely to stop with wiretapping. Ways may someday be developed by which the Government, without removing papers from secret drawers, can reproduce them in court, and by which it will be enabled to expose a jury the most intimate occurrences of the home…Can it be that the Constitution affords no protection against such invasions of individual security?”
-- Louis Brandeis
U.S. Supreme Court Justice
Olmstead v. United States, (1928)

The word "privacy" means many different things to different people. One widely accepted meaning is "the right to be let alone," as it was described by former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis.

The United States is at risk of turning into a full-fledged surveillance society. From using the telephone to seeking medical treatment to applying for a job or sending email over the internet, our right to information privacy is in peril. Our personal and business information is being digitized through an ever-expanding number of computer networks in formats that allow data to be linked, transferred, shared and sold, usually without our knowledge or consent. Employers and schools are turning to drug testing policies without any reasonable suspicions of illegal drug use. DNA has the power to disclose not only private personal and medical information about any individual but also blood-relatives. The use of DNA is expanding as a tool for crime-solving and has also been used to exonerate the innocent. The same technological advances that have brought enormous benefits also make us more vulnerable than ever before to unwanted snooping.

As technology provides new ways to gather information and databases proliferate, the need for privacy protections becomes more urgent. The ACLU is a national leader in working to guarantee that individuals may determine how and when others can gain access to their personal information.

 

 

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Cases, Campaigns & Legislation


Legislation
Feb 3, 2026

HB 4138: Law Enforcement Accountability and Visibility Act

Status: Passed both chambers
Position: Support
Legislation
Feb 6, 2026

HB 4088: Strengthening Patient and Provider Privacy

Status: Signed by governor
Position: Support
Campaign
Mar 2026

2026 Legislative Session

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Court Case
Oct 20, 2025

State of Oregon v. Kern

The ACLU of Oregon, working in partnership with National ACLU and Burrows Appellate Law, filed an amicus brief with the Oregon Supreme Court in State of Oregon v. Brandon Tyler Kern. In State v. Kern, the trial court denied the defendant's motion to suppress medical evidence from a healthcare provider that an Oregon law mandated be given to the police without a warrant following a motor vehicle accident. The trial court concluded that the hospital’s disclosure of Mr. Kern’s medical information was not unlawful under the search and seizure guarantee of the Oregon Constitution and that Kern did not have a protected privacy interest in his medical information. The Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court’s convictions and sentence without opinion, so Kern sought review in the Oregon Supreme Court. Our amicus argues that people in Oregon do have a constitutionally-protected privacy interest in their health information and records. This is consistent with the way the public understands their privacy, is supported by medical ethics, and the myriad health privacy laws at the state and federal level. Moreover, Oregon’s constitutional right to healthcare implicates privacy as well. The amicus goes on to argue that the government-mandated disclosure of medical records to law enforcement constitutes a search, and therefore police need to get a warrant if they want to access medical records in Oregon. The warrantless search in this case, therefore, was a violation of the defendant’s Article I, section 9 right to be free from unreasonable searches under the Oregon Constitution. The Oregon Supreme Court should hold that the trial court erred when it refused to suppress the evidence of Mr. Kern’s healthcare information that was introduced against him at trial. Law enforcement officers or other government actors attempting to access private medical information without the oversight of courts is a serious concern — one that could have far reaching impacts on anyone seeking medical care — but especially vulnerable community members who are targeted by the Trump administration, such as trans people seeking gender affirming care or pregnant people in search of an abortion. Get a warrant.